Submissions

Author Guidelines

MATERIALS SUBMISSION

Submission of papers and additional materials for publication in the journal European and Asian Law Review is carried out through a personal account on the journal's website.

In order to do this, authors need to register on the journal's website. After registration using his/her account data an author should log in to a personal account according, select the role of an author and submit his/her paper.

Before submitting papers authors should carefully read the Authors Guidelines and ensure materials are in line with all points of the checklist above. Materials may be returned to authors if they do not meet the requirements specified in the checklist.

PAPER STRUCTURE

UDC Index

BISAC Index

Paper Title

Full name(first, last and patronymic names) of an author

ORCID ID (http://orcid.org/xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx)

Place of work (organization, structural unit), position

Email address

Abstract: the abstract should contain not less than 150 words and not more than 300 words.

The guidelines for preparing of an abstract can be found in the section "How to write an abstract for a paper".

The abstract should consist of a single paragraph in block format (without an indent). In the abstract it should be described all parts of the empirical study (Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion). Meanwhile, names of these parts in the text of the abstract should not be highlighted.

Many readers begin to consider a paper with the abstract as to determine whether it is worth examining the whole paper. Therefore, the abstract should be brief and informative. It should briefly be stated the goal of the research, main results and conclusions.

The abstract is often presented separately from the paper itself, so its perception should not depend on the necessity of consideration with the text of the paper. Non-standard or unusual abbreviations should be avoided. If they are necessary, they should be defined at the first mention in the abstract.

Keywords. A maximum of 6 keywords are specified, and the English spelling is used. General and plural terms and multiple concepts should be avoided (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Do not use abbreviations: only abbreviations that are firmly established in the field of research can be used. These keywords shall be used for indexing.

Introduction. In this section results and conclusions of previously published researches are discussed in order to explain why the current research is of scientific interest.

The problem statement should be given in the introduction in a clear and concise manner. Therein it should be provided the research rationale and demonstrated how previous researches are related to your research, and in what limits they are conducted. So, the main part of the Introduction section is a reference literature on this topic. A literature review is often very useful for providing a theoretical or empirical basis of the research. Finally, the scope of the research should be defined. Try to provide a reader with enough information on this topic in order to be able to conclude that the research is important and hypotheses are justified. Any previous paper on the topic would be useful for inclusion in this section, even if previous research directly related to hypotheses is of great value. In the last part of the introduction, the purpose and objectives of the research are indicated, and hypotheses are given at the end of the section. Hypotheses should be written in the past tense, because they are related to the completed research.

Materials and methods. This section provides all methodological details that are necessary for another scientist to further develop your research. It indicates how materials and equipment were used, what research participants did or what impact was exercised on them, how materials were prepared, how impact was carried out and how results were calculated, whether testing was carried out, what environmental conditions accompanied the experiment and how long it lasted. Describe how participants were recruited, whether they were independent participants or were members of a group, how consent based on provided information or consent to participate in the experiment was obtained, what participants were asked to do, whether they were rewarded for participating, etc. In other words, this subsection describes in great detail the data collection procedure. Information should be clearly presented in order to allow to reproduce conducted experimental researches.

This section is usually divided into three or five subsections (their number depends on the context of the research): Materials / Participants, the Scheme of the Research, Methodology, Procedure of the Experiment Conduction.

The author's objective is to explain how the research was conducted. This shall allow readers to evaluate the research performed, as well as provide an opportunity for other authors to reproduce results of your research, if it is necessary. The author should describe exactly what was done: what experiments were carried out and how exactly they were carried out; how many experiments were carried out, how often, where, what equipment and materials were used, and why. The focus should be on ensuring that there is sufficient detail to verify the data provided and to allow the research to be repeated. It is necessary to maintain a balance between conciseness (there is no need to describe each detail of the experiment) and completeness (all necessary details of the research should be presented so that readers know how the research was held).

The "Participants" subsection should include demographic information that is relevant to the current research. This can include information about age, gender, ethnicity, marital status of participants, etc. If it is necessary, information may be represented as a percentage using the mean and standard deviations.

The Materials subsection may include all types of materials produced and used within the academic research: data sets, field notes, interviews, recordings of events or speeches which are not otherwise documented, questionnaires, protocols, interviews, tests. The most frequently used materials in the field of jurisprudence are materials of judicial practice (judicial precedents, summaries of judicial practice on certain categories of disputes, cases, interpretative acts of higher judicial instances), legal reference systems, materials of criminal cases.

Scheme of the research. This section describes in detail the procedure of the research conduction. Was the research conduction an experiment, a review, an interview or an observation of behavior? If it was an observation, was it a natural observation or a planned one? Why was this scheme of the experiment chosen? It is important to answer these types of questions so that a reader can fully understand and appreciate the research.

Measurement criteria. This subsection describes tests or control-measuring materials for data collection. The reliability and validity of each criterion used in the research should be commented on.

The order of the experiment. This subsection describes the research process exactly as it was conducted. The information should be presented accurately enough in order to allow to reproduce the experiment, however, it should be presented briefly. It is better to give information consistently. For example, firstly, describe the sampling procedure (how participants were selected), what criteria were used for measurement and so on. Results should never be discussed in this subsection—the next section shall be devoted entirely to presentation of the research results. Only information concerning the way of research conduction should be provided.

Results. The purpose of this section is to present main results of the research without drawing conclusions. Herein, grouped data and results of the statistical analysis should be provided. It also contains figures, tables and graphs, as well as a brief description or description of the data. This section should also include information such as the average scores or scores of subjects and how these scores vary between different groups.

The Results section should always be presented systematically in accordance with sequence of the methods section on which results are based (in other words, it includes subsections describing response to a specific experimental procedure that is made out in the Methods section / refers to experimental protocols described in the Methods section). It is often useful to use tables that describe results, especially when the author has a lot of data to report (for example, averages and standard deviations) or describes correlations. Sometimes it is useful to remind a reader of a hypothesis before presenting each result. It is also a good idea to tell a reader what type of data analysis was done (e.g. correlation, ANOVA) before it is presented.

Discussion. The purpose of the section is to provide an interpretation of obtained results and an explanation of all conclusions using evidence of your experiment (research) and generally accepted knowledge, if it is appropriate. It is devoted to description how the research data was analyzed, what statistical methods were used, and what variables were considered. This section includes answers to questions and hypotheses put before the research, in other words, the correspondence of stated hypotheses is considered. It is necessary to explain results obtained and hypotheses presented and confirm them with results. When interpreting results, you should take into account conflicting data, unexpected conclusions and discrepancies with the data of other researchers.

It is appropriate to make a comparison with previous research, innovations and indicate contribution of research to new developments. The results should also be commented on by providing theoretical data (How do results correspond to previous theories and data from scientific literature? Are results consistent with what was previously held? If they are contradictory, how can this be explained?).

Explaining and interpreting of results is probably the biggest part of the Discussion section.

Data about the scope of the research should be included. Describe in which cases internal or external significance of results could be questioned. Is there a probability of systematic error in the sample itself? If there are any problems with the quantitative assessment? Think about what you would do next if you were doing a similar research. Future research ideas are often discussed when the research framework is discussed.

Conclusion. The conclusion describes the significance of obtained results for theory and practice, highlights the issue of practical application of obtained results, and provides some additional directions for future research. The author (s) answers questions or hypothesis, in other words, confirms the hypothesis. It is necessary to explain the results obtained and the hypotheses presented and confirm them with results. In this explanation it should be taken into account conflicting data, unexpected conclusions and discrepancies with data of other researchers. It is important to include information about impact of the research, compare it with previous research, innovations and indicate contribution of the research to new developments. Suggestions for further research, a summary of the framework for implementing the project, and any pedagogical implications that may be indicated in the article.

Gratitude. Thanks can be expressed in a separate section at the end of the article before the links to the sources. You should not express appreciation on the first page of the article in the form of a footnote to the title or in any other way. In this section, you can list the people who helped with the research (for example, by providing language assistance, assistance in writing or correcting an article, etc.).

The Reference List should include at least 25 sources cited in the text.

Applications. If there are more than one applications, they should be identified as A, B, etc. The formulas and equations in applications should be given a separate numbering: equation (1), equation (2), etc.; in the subsequent application, equation (B.1) and so on. The same is for tables and numbers: Table A.1; Fig. A. 1, etc.

Tables

Tables should be placed in the text of the paper, they should have a numbered title and clearly marked columns, convenient and understandable for reading. The data in the table should correspond to the figures in the text, but should not duplicate the information provided in it. References to tables in the text are required.

Drawings

The amount of graphic material is minimal (except for papers where it is justified by the nature of the research). Each drawing must be accompanied by a numbered caption. References to the figures in the text are required.

The caption should be placed directly under the image.

Example:

Fig. 1: Dynamics of indicators of studied processes

If there is text in the image (for example, in the case of text diagrams), in addition to the original drawing a copy of it containing the English version of the entire Russian-language text should be inserted in the paper. If an image has few text elements (for example, only units of measurement and captions of graph axes), it is acceptable not to make an English copy of it, but to duplicate text in English directly on the original image

• Illustrations (graphs, diagrams, diagrams, drawings) drawn using MS Office tools should be contrasting and clear. Illustrations should be made in a separate file and saved as an image (in the format *.jpeg, *. bmp,*. gif), and then placed in the paper file as a fixed drawing. It is unacceptable to apply any elements using MS WORD on top of the picture inserted in the paper file (arrows, captions) due to the high risk of losing them at the stages of editing and layout.
• Photos, monitor screen prints (screenshots) and other non-handwritten illustrations must not only be inserted into the text of the paper, but also uploaded separately in a special section of the form for submitting the article in the form of files in the format *.jpeg, *. bmp, *. gif (*. doc and *. docx - if additional marks are applied to the image). The image resolution must be >300 dpi. The image files must be given a name corresponding to the number of the image in the text. In the description of the file, you should separately provide a caption, which should correspond to the name of the photo placed in the text.

If the paper contains drawings previously published in other publications (even if their elements are translated from a foreign language into Russian), the author must provide the editorial board with the permission of the copyright holder to publish this image in another journal (with the correct indication of the corresponding journal), otherwise it will be considered plagiarism (see in detail "Publication Ethics").

Abbreviations

All abbreviations and symbols used must be spelt out in the footnotes to the tables and captions to the figures, indicating the statistical criteria (methods) used and the parameters of statistical variability (standard deviation, standard error of the mean, etc.). It is recommended to indicate the statistical reliability / unreliability of the differences in the data presented in the tables with superscript characters *, **, †, ††, ‡, ‡‡ etc.

 

IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

References to normative legal acts, historical documents and newspaper articles are made in the text of the paper in the form of page-by-page footnotes and are NOT INCLUDED in References.

References to scientific literature (monographs, scientific articles) are given in parentheses within the text of the article: firstly, a surname of an author or authors (no more than the first three on the list), (or, where appropriate, title of publication or last name of an editor) for Russian literature in Latin transliteration and then, after a comma, year of publication of the cited source of this author.

The general format is as follows:

(Last name, year of publication)

Example:

• (Fedorov, 1999) - if the whole work is meant.

When specifying pages:

(Last name, year of publication, colon, page number)

Example:

• (Fedorov, 1999:987) - if there is a link to only one page.
• (Ivanov, 1975:33-34) — if there is a link to several pages, an extensive fragment of the text.

When specifying a volume or part:

(Last name, year of publication, volume, colon, page number)

Example:

• (Fedorov, 2015, II:44)

It is allowed to include the author's name in the text itself, indicating in parentheses only the year of publication and the page (s):

Example:

• In this context, Ivanov (1975:40) drew attention to the fact that...

When quoting directly from a source, the quote in the text is enclosed in quotation marks and followed by a link to the original source:

Example:

"The points that make up the content of the law are, on the one hand, the individuality itself, and, on the other hand, its universal inorganic nature, i.e., the circumstances, situation, customs, mores, religion, etc., that have appeared, and from them it is necessary to understand a certain individuality. They contain the definite as well as the universal, and at the same time they are what is present, what appears to the observer and is expressed on the other side in the form of individuality" (Hegel, 2000:157).

If there is a link to several works by different authors, the sources are listed alphabetically, separated by semicolons:

Example:

• Many researchers have paid attention to this problem (Fedorov, 1975; Watson, 2008).

If there is a link to one work with several authors, the link should be presented as follows:

Example:

• If authors of the work are from 2 to 3: (Fedorov & Watson, 2008) or (Barros, Read & Verdejo, 2008).
• If authors of the work are 4 or more: (Arrami et al., 2007).

It is allowed to indicate a reference to a separate paragraph or section of the source, if a reference is not to a specific fragment of the text, but to some idea or approach developed by the author of the paper.

No abbreviations are allowed to replace a reference to the source, for example: Ibid, Op. сit.

 

FOOTNOTES RULES

The reference list should include only scientific literature (scientific articles, reports, monographs, etc.). For other sources (normative legal acts, materials of judicial practice, articles in newspapers, interviews, press releases, official records, official statistics, etc.) footnotes should be used.

General rules for footnotes 

Footnotes are placed in the text of the scientific work for:

• completion of direct or indirect citation of a source or scientific literature;
• indication of additional sources or literature that you need to consider for a more complete study of the problem which is the particular concern of a reader;
• create a note to the main body of the text.

Footnotes should be numbered sequentially throughout the paper. The corresponding function of the text editor is used for automatic numbering and insertion of footnotes.

Footnotes are always placed after a quote or a place in the text to which you want to make references, but before a punctuation mark.

When preparing articles, authors are strongly advised not to make references to dissertations and dissertation abstracts.

When transliterating, it is recommended to use the BSI standard (British Standard Institute, UK). To transliterate the text in accordance with the BSI standard, you can use this link http://ru.translit.ru/?account=bsi.

If there is an official translation of the title of the paper used in English, you do not need to transliterate it in Russian additionally.

Footnote basic sample:

Author, A. A.  (Year). Name in italics. City of publication, country / state, page number, if necessary.

Subsequent links to the same text:

Author, A . A. (Year). Title in an abbreviated form, the page number.

If your second link to the text comes immediately after the first one, use ‘Ibid.’. instead of the author's name and the title of the book. Include the page number if it differs from the page of the link above.

Examples:

¹ Ellis, G. & Sinclair, B. (1989) Learning English: a course of study for students. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.

² Ibid., 162.

Footnotes on judicial acts:

When referring to judicial acts, it is necessary to take into account peculiarities of judicial acts citation in each country. It is necessary to draw up a footnote to a judicial act in such a way that allows a reader to identify a judicial act and find it in open information sources.

Footnote basic sample on judicial act: name of judicial act (or an indication of parties of a dispute through vs., or an indication of a type of judicial act), body that issued this judicial act, the date of the judicial act issue or the year of the act issue, case number or a number of judicial act and other output data that can be used for a judicial act identification:

Judicial precedents footnote basic sample: name of a case (i.e., specifying the parties using vs.) (year) additional output data concerning the judicial act (including the abbreviation of a judicial body, case number; the abbreviation of a case law reports, volume of a case law reports, page number of a case law reports, as well as information concerning review of a judicial act, a access source to judicial precedent)

Examples:

• Downing v Secretary for Inland Revenue (1972) TC 6737, Tax Treaty Case Law IBFD.
• Trevor Smallwood Trust, Re the; Smallwood v Revenue and Customs Comrs (2010) EWCA Civ 778, (2010) 12 ITLR 1002, (2010) STC 2045, 80 TC 536, Tax Treaty Case Law IBFD.

Judicial acts written in Latin script, but not in English

Type of a judicial act, judicial body, date of the judicial act, case number [English translation]

Example:

• Ruling of Federal Court of Justice of the Federal Republic of Germany of November, 14 2006 No. XI ZR 294/05 [BGH, Urteil vom 14. November 2006 - XI ZR 294/05]

Judicial acts written in non-Latin script

Type of judicial act, judicial authority, date of the judicial act, case number [Transliteration]

Example:

• Decision of the Commercial Court of the Sverdlovsk region of July 24, 2020, case No. A60-32541/2020 [Reshenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Sverdlovskoi oblasti ot 24 iyulya 2020 goda, delo № A60-32541/2020]

Legal acts footnote basic sample :

When referring to normative legal acts, it is necessary to take into account peculiarities of normative legal act citation in each country.

General format footnotes on a normative legal act: title of a normative legal act, number and date of adoption of the act, jurisdiction (if necessary), the source of publication data (if necessary).

If a normative legal act is not written in Latin, then you must provide an official translation or perform translation into English by yourself (paraphrase) of the name of the normative legal act and its source data on accordance with BSI.

If normative legal acts are written in Latin, but not in English, it is necessary to provide an official translation or perform translation into English by yourself (paraphrase) of the name of the normative legal act and its source data. In square brackets, you should state the name of the legal act in the original language.

Examples:

• National Parks and Wildlife Regulation 2009 (NSW).
• Companies Act 2006 (c 46).
• Federal Constitutional Law of July, 21 1994 No.1-FKZ “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation” [Federal'nyi konstitutsionnyi zakon ot 21.07.1994 No. 1-FKZ "O Konstitutsionnom Sude Rossiiskoi Federatsii"].
• Limited Liability Companies Act of April, 20 1892 [Gesetz betreffend die Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbHG) vom 20.04.1892 (RGBl. I S. 477)]. 

 

REFERENCES RULES

General requirements for references compilation

The number of sources. In general, the number of cited works: in original articles it is recommended from 25 (at least a third of them are foreign publications), in reviews — up to 60 sources (in agreement with the editorial board, this number can be increased — if it is objectively necessary).

Type of sources. It is recommended to refer to primary sources and NOT to secondary sources. In References you should not refer to such materials as: unpublished works, state documents (government resolutions, laws, etc.), historical documents, newspaper articles — it is preferable to make references to them in the form of page-by-page footnotes.

References to dissertations and author's abstracts are not recommended, instead, works published by these authors (articles from scientific journals, conference materials, monographs, etc., published, as a rule, before the publication of the dissertation) should be indicated.

The order of source presentation. References are given at the end of the paper.

The volume and sequence of information in References:

The source list in References should be presented only in Latin letters. In order to indicate references to Russian sources (and sources in other languages that do not use the Roman alphabet), you should use TRANSLITERATION and TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH.

When transliterating, it is recommended to use the BSI standard (British Standard Institute, UK). In order to transliterate text in accordance with the BSI standard, you can use the link http://ru.translit.ru/?account=bsi.

General rules for Russian scientific literature:

for books — surname and initials of the author (transliteration), year of publication (in brackets), full title of book (transliteration), the title of a book in English (in square brackets), volume or issue (if any), place of publication in English, publisher (transliterate);

for articles in periodicals — surname and initials of the author (transliteration), year in brackets, title of the article (transliteration), title of the article in English (in square brackets), the full name of the journal (transliteration, it is necessary to check the periodical's website), name of the journal in the English language in brackets (it is necessary to check the website of the journal), volume (issue), first and last pages of the article, doi;

for articles (chapters) in the nonperiodical publications (books) —surname and initials of the author (transliteration), year in brackets, title of the article (chapter) (transliteration), title of the article (chapter) is in English, full title of the book (transliteration), title of a book in English (in square brackets), the place of publication in English, publisher, first and last page of the article (chapter);

for theses and reports of conferences (seminars, workshops) — surname and initials of the author (transliteration), year in brackets, title of the report (transliteration), title of the report in English (in square brackets), full name of the theses compendium or conference proceedings (transliteration), name of a compendium in the English language, date and venue of the conference, volume, number (issue), first and last page of the thesis or report;

electronic publications — surname and initials of the author (if any) (transliteration), year in brackets, title of the publication (transliteration), the title of a book in English, the name of the resource (if available), electronic address (URL), access date.

• Number of authors. The bibliographic description of each source should include ALL the AUTHORS. If a publication has more than 6 authors, after the 6^th author it is necessary to put the abbreviation "..., et al.". Attention! A comma separating the last author's name and "et al." is obligatory.
• Titles and abbreviations. It is not allowed to shorten (or change in another way) names of articles and journals. Names of English journals can be given in the official abbreviation. In order to find the correct abbreviated journal name, you can use the CAS Source Index, the WorldCat library, or the Web of Science (ISI) catalog, or the MedLine Database Names Catalog (NLM Catalog). If the official abbreviation of the journal name can not be found — you should indicate its full name.
• DOI. In all cases where a cited material has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), it must be indicated at the very end of the bibliographic reference. Check the existence of the DOI of the source on the website http://search.crossref.org/или https://www.citethisforme.com. In order to get the DOI, fill the name of the source in English in the search bar. Additionally to the DOI, the website automatically generates a properly arranged bibliographic description of the article in English in the style of the Harvard citation. The vast majority of foreign journal articles since 2000 and many Russian- articles (published after 2013) are registered in the CrossRef system and have the unique DOI.

Rules of source description in references

Since data on publications of Russian authors need to be correctly represented in global reference and analytic databases on scientific research (SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, etc.), it is necessary to observe certain rules when presenting bibliographies in Latin in the section "References".

In References sources are listed in alphabetical order (if there are several authors, you should focus on the last name of the first author).

If authors are bearing the same family name, their initials should be taken into account when listing them in alphabetical order.

If works of different years are cited, but of the same author, they are placed in the list of references in chronological order (from the earlier to the latest publication).

If different works of the same author with the same publication year are cited, they are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of these works.

Output data. Bibliographic descriptions should be compiled in the style of Harvard in the version of Imperial College London (http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/library/learning-support/reference-management/harvard-style/your-reference-list/). In order to describe a publication date, volume, issue of a periodical and pages where a reference source is published, use the abbreviated note format (see examples below).

Punctuation:

- In References the punctuation marks prescribed by GOST "//", "/", "–", —  should not be used, they should be replaced with commas and dots.

- When indicating full name of authors, initials should be placed after the last name. A comma is placed after the author's last name.

- The initials of the author must be separated by a SPACE character and a dot from each other.

- Authors should be separated by a comma.

- After the initials the year of publication is indicated in parentheses, no dots are placed.

- The title of the publication should be separated from the rest of the link by a dot.

- The name of the publication (book, scientific journal) should be written in italics.

- When specifying the date of publication, place, publisher or other output data, the punctuation should correspond to the examples below.

 Translation and transliteration

• If the article you are citing is written in the Latin alphabet (in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Finnish, Danish and other languages that use the Roman alphabet), reference to it should be given in the original language of publication. Example (article in a German magazine in German): Janzen, G., & Hawlik, M. (2005) Orientierung im Raum: Befunde zu Entscheidungspunkten. Zeitschrift für Psychologie. 213 (4), 179–186. (In German)
• If the article is written in Cyrillic (including Russian), hieroglyphics, etc., it is necessary to provide an OFFICIAL TRANSLATION or perform the translation into English by yourself (paraphrase) - for titles of the articles. For books, it is necessary in this case to provide transliteration into Latin and translation of title into English. At the end of the description specify the language of the publication in parentheses.
• Transliteration standard. When transliterating it is recommended to use the BSI standard (British Standard Institute, UK). In order to transliterate the text in accordance with the BSI standard, you can use the link http://ru.translit.ru/?account=bsi.
• Full names of authors and editors. The names and initials of all authors in Latin should be given in the link as they are given in the original publication. If the authors' full names were already given in the original publication in Latin, then this version should be indicated in the link to the article (regardless of the transliteration system used in the original source). If in official sources (on the journal's website, in databases, including in eLibrary) full names of authors are not given in Latin, you should transliterate them by yourself according to the BSI standard.
• Title of the publication. If the work you cite has an official translation into English or an English version of the title (it should be searched on the journal's website, in databases, including in eLibrary), you should specify it. If the official sources do not provide the title of the publication in Latin, you should translate it into English by yourself (paraphrase).
• Name of the publication (journal). Some non-English scientific publications (journals) have an official "parallel" name in English in addition to the name in their native language. Thus, for the Reference list in the link to an article from a Russian-language journal you should specify either the transliterated name of the journal or the translated one. Translated title of the journal you can take either from the official website of the journal (or use the correct spelling of the English titles of the cited articles), or check it in the database, for example, in the CAS Source Index, WorldCat library catalog or Web of Science (ISI), catalog of MedLine (NLM Catalog) database. If the journal does not have an official name in English, the BSI transliteration should be included in References. You should not translate the names of the journal by yourself.
• Place of publication. The place of the publication in the links should always be indicated in English and in full-not in transliteration and without abbreviations. So, Moscow is not "Moskva" and "M.:", Saint Petersburg is not "Saint Petersburg" and "SPb".
• Name of the publisher. Unlike the place of publication, the name of the publisher for links in References should only be transliterated (except extremely rare cases when the publisher has a parallel official English-language name).
• The identifier of the language. If the publication you are citing in References is not originally in English (if you have translated the title of the publication and translated / transliterated the source name to make a link in References) - at the very end of the link after specifying the page range in parentheses indicate the ID of the language in which the original source is written. For references to Russian-language sources, for example, use the phrase "(in Russian)".

Examples of sources description in References

Monographs

In Russian

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title (in italics), [Name in English], publisher, city, country. (in Russian).

In foreign languages

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title (in italics), publisher, city, country.

Monographs:

• Parsons, T. (1998) Sistema sovremennykh obshchestv [The System of Modern Societies]. Moscow: Aspect press. (in Russian).
• Easton, D.A. (1965) Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
• Guehenno, J. (1995) The End of the Nation State. London: University of Minnesota Press.
• Gray, C. (2012) The philosophy of law. New York, Routledge.
• Merryman, J. & Pérez Perdomo, R. (2007) The civil law tradition. Stanford, Calif, Stanford Univ. Press.

Collaborative monographs:

• Bocharov, T.Y., & Moiseeva, Y.N. (2017) Byt’ advokatom v Rossii: sotsiologicheskoye issledovanie professii [Being a Lawyer in Russia: Sociological Study of the Profession]. 2nd ed. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of European University in Saint Petersburg. (in Russian).
• Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999) Contents and Introduction in Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Second or later edition:

• Antonetti, G. (2003) Histoire contemporaine, politique et sociale, 9e éd.Presses universitaires de France, Coll. Droit fundamental, Paris, France.
• Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B. (1991) Getting to yes: Negotiating an agreement, 3nd ed., Century Business, London, UK.

Monographs of one author wih different years of publication:

• Parsons, T. (2002a) O sotsialnykh sistemakh [About Social Systems]. Мoscow: Akademicheskiy proekt. (in Russian). 
• Parsons, T. (2002b) O structure sotsialnogo deystviya [About The Structure of Social Action]. Мoscow: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2002. (in Russian). 

No author:

• The University Encyclopedia (1985) Roydon, London, UK.

The Russian-language monograph which does not have the English version of the title:

• Kalashnikov, G. O. (2007) Sliyanie i pogloshchenie kompanii po pravu Evropeiskogo soyuza[Mergers and Acquisitions of Companies according to the European Union Law]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya publ. (in Russian).
• Abashidze, A. Kh. & Koneva, A. E. (2015) Dogovornye organy po pravam cheloveka[The Human Rights of Treaty Bodies]. Moscow, PFUR publ. (in Russian).

Book chapter:

• Randall, L. (2012) Peace Treaties and the Formation of International Law. In: Fassbender, B., Peters, A. & Peter, S. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of the history of international law. Oxford, United Kindom, Oxford University Press, pp. 71–94.

Edited book:

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title (in italics, in transliteration), [Original name of the book], in Editor, A. A. (ed.), publisher, city, country. (in Russian).

One or more editors:

• Sorokin, P.A. (1992) Sotsiologicheskiy etud ob osnovnykh formakh obshchestvennogo povedenia i morali[Sociological Etude about the Main Forms of Social Behavior and Morality]. In: Sogomonov, A.U. (ed.).  Society. Moscow: Politizdat, pp. 32–156.
• Killian, J. H. & Beck, L. E. (eds.) (1987) The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Papers under general editorship:

• Volkov, V.V. (ed.) (2011) Pravo i pravoprimeneniye v Rossii: mezhdisciplinarniye issledovaniya [The Law and the Law Enforcement in Russia: Interdisciplinary Research]. Moscow: Statut. (in Russian).
• Danaher, P. (ed.) (1998) Beyond the ferris wheel, CQU Press, Rockhampton, Australia.
• Nersesyants V. S. (ed.) (2004) Problemy obshchei teorii prava i gosudarstva[Problems of the General Theory of Law and the State]. Moscow, Norma. (in Russian).

Translated publications:

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title (in italics, in transliteration), [Original name of the publication], in Translated by Translator, A. A., publisher, city, country. 

Surnames of authors and the title of the publication are usually published in origin in the translated publication. 

• Valladares, A. (2005) Remeslo kopiraytinga[The Craft of Copywriting], Translated by Zhiltsov, S., Piter, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
• Gallager, R. (1984) Metod konechnykh elementov. Osnovy[Finite Element Analysis. Fundamentals], Translated by Kartvelishvili, V. M., in Banichuk, N. V. (ed.), Nauka, Moscow, Russia.
• Fuller, L. (1965) Moral' prava[The Morality of Law]. Translated from English by Danilova, T. (2016) Moscow, IRISEN. (In Russian).
• Ehrlich, E. (1913) Osnovopolozhenie sotsiologii prava[Grundlegung der Sociologie des Rechts]. Translated from German by Antonov, M.V. (2011) Saint Petersburg, Universitetskii izdatel'skii konsortsium. (in Russian).

Articles in periodicals

In Russian

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title translated into English, Transliterated name of periodical or English registreted name in italics, Volume number (Issue number, if any), page numbers of the article. (in Russian).

In foreign languages

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (Year of publication) Title, Name of periodical in italics, Volume number (Issue number, if any), page numbers of the article.

• Polyakov, A.V. (2001) Pravogenes [The Genesis of the Law]. Pravovedeniye [Jurisprudence], (5), 216–234. (in Russian).
• Bessant, J. (2001) “The question of public trust and the schooling system”, Australian Journal of Education, 45, August, 207–226.

Article with volume number and/or issue number: 

• Nemytina, M.V. (2016) Situatsiya v rossiskom pravovedenii: sushchestvuyut li bazovye koncepty?[The Situation in Russian Jurisprudence: Is Basic Concepts Exist?]. RUDN Jour-nal of Law, 20 (2), 20–35. (in Russian). 
• Tavis, L. (2002) Corporate Governance and the Global Social Void. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 35(2), 501–506.

Article from CD-ROM, electronic database or journal:

• Skargren, E. I. and Oberg, B. (1998) “Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of low-back and neck pain in patients treated in primary care”, Pain[Electronic], 77 (2), 201–208, available at: Elsevier/ScienceDirect/ O304-3959(98)00101-8 (Accessed 8 February 1999).

Journal article: printed:

If the Russian-language article has the English title, and the journal has the English name:

• Vasil'ev, V. I. (2015) Local Self Government on the Way to Centralization and Reduction of Electivity. Journal of Russian Law. (9), 149–161. (in Russian).

If the Russian-language article has no the English title, and the journal has no the English name:

• Krasovskii, A. A. (1914) K reforme nashego grazhdanskogo protsessa [To the Reform of Russian Civil Process]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. (1), 27–66. (in Russian).
• Janzen, G., & Hawlik, M. (2005) Orientierung im Raum: Befunde zu Entscheidungspunkten. Zeitschrift für Psychologie. 213 (4), 179–186. (in German).
• Norcross, F. (1910) Criminal Law Reform. Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1 (3), 386–393.

If the journal has no volumes (without volumes): 

• Vasil'ev, V. I. (2015) Local Self Government on the Way to Centralization and Reduction of Electivity. Journal of Russian Law. (9), 149–161. (in Russian).

With DOI: 

• Lamond, G. (2014) Analogical Reasoning in the Common Law. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 34 (3), 567–588. Available from: doi:10.1093/ojls/gqu014.

Electronic journal articles:

• Winkel, L. (2010) Forms of Imposed Protection in Legal History, Especially in Roman Law. Erasmus Law Review. 3 (2), 155–162. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1765/21274 [Accessed 20th January 2017].

Conference proceeding

In Russian

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (in transliteration) (Year of publication) Title (Translation in ""), Transliterated title of conference proceeding compedium in italics, [Name translated into English in square brackets], city, country, page numbers of the article. (in Russian).

In foreign languages

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (Year of publication) "Title", Title of the conference in italics, city, country, conference date, page numbers. 

• Grafskiy, V.G. (2016) Sochetaniye iskusstva i nauki v pravoprimenenii: noviye smysly redko ob-suzhdayemoy traditsii[The Combination of Art and Science in Law Enforcement: New Senses of Rarely Discussed Tradition]. In: Grafsky, V.G. (ed.). Pravoprimeneniye kak iskusstvo i nauka: materialy desyatykh philosophsko-pravovykh chteniy pamyati akademika V.S. Nersesyantsa [Law Enforcement as Art and Science: the Materials of the Tenth Read-ings on Philosophy and Law in the Memory of Academician V.S. Nersesyants]. Moscow: Norma Publ., 11–18. (in Russian).
• Strandvik, T. and Storbacka, K. (1996) “Managing relationship quality”, QUIS5 Quality in Services Conference, University of Karlstad, Karlstad, 11–14.

Electronic sources

Sample of the source description: 

Author, A. A. (Year of publication) "Title", vailable at: full URL (Accessed DD.MM.YYYY). 

• Dolgetti, A., & Ratti, G.B. (2011) Legal Disagreements and the Dual Nature of Law. Oxford Scho-larship Online [online]. Availiable at: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199675517.001.0001/acprof-9780199675517-chapter-14 [Accessed March 8, 2018].
• The official site of Dnepropetrovsk Regional State Administration (2011), “News of the region”, available at: http://adm.dp.ua/OBLADM/ obldp.nsf/archive/3E8?opendocument (Accessed 4 January 2011).
• Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention[Online], available at: http://www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPostionStatement.htm (Accessed 4 August 2011).